Opium
Opium is a seasonal plant that can only be cultivated in subtropical mountainous region. Plant height is only about one meter. The leaves are oblong with a serrated edge. Long-stemmed poppies and out of the end of the branch. One stalk consists of only one flower petals crowned with white, violet, with a base of white and bright red. Very beautiful poppy Papaver up to several species commonly used as an ornamental plant. Fruit opium in the form of spheres of green colored pingpong ball.
The term for opium that has been cooked and ready to suck is opium. The term is widely used among users not only as the word noun but also a verb.
Production [edit | edit source]
Fruit opium were wounded with a knife tapping will emit thick white sap. Once dried and turned brown in color, the sap is collected and sold as raw opium.
This raw opium can be processed simply to be prepared opium consumption. If the sap is extracted again, will produce morphine. Morphine is extracted further will produce heroin.
Plant opium originating from mountainous region of Southeast Europe now has spread to Afghanistan and the "golden triangle" borders of Myanmar, Thailand and Laos.
According to the United Nations, Afghanistan is currently the largest opium producer in the world with 87%. Laos is also one of the largest producers.
In Indonesia, the poppies that does not produce narcotics grown in mountainous areas such as Cipanas, Bandungan, Stone, and Ijen.
The history of opium and opium in Java [Edit | edit source]
Opium and opium in Java around 1888
Opium has been known by the Java since centuries ago, at least in the 17th century when the Dutch colonial government made the opium trade commodities important to be monopolized as well as being subject to tax.
One of 20 Javanese smoking opium, opium expert wrote Henri Louis Charles Te Mechelen in 1882, as noted in the book Opium To Java by James R.Rush. The habit of smoking opium is not just happening in the land of Java, but also in a number of areas European colonies in Asia, wrote TeMechelen who was then the Chief Inspector and Assistant Resident Regi Opium Yuwana in Central Java today.
Opium or poppy (Papaver somniferum) is not grown in Java, but imported from other regions, allegedly of Turkish and Persian. In the book written Opium To Java James R.Rush the Arab merchant mentioned opium brought in to the region, although not found other evidence that indicates since when opium began trading in Java.
Opium is an important commodity that was originally contested jointly by Britain, Denmark and the Netherlands, but then won the Dutch trade monopoly, while executing is the Chinese elite in Java.
The Netherlands through the Dutch East Indies Company (Vereenigde Ost Indische Companie / VOC) in 1677 to get an agreement with the king of Java when it Amangkurat II to enter opium to Mataram and monopolizing the opium trade in the whole country. A similar agreement in Cirebon followed a year later. Since 1619-1799 VOC can put 56,000 kg of raw opium annually to Java. And in 1820 there were 372 licensees to sell opium.
Connoisseurs of opium scattered in various circles and extends in Java, especially Central Java and East Java. At the top, opium consumption as a lifestyle, presented as a sign of honor for the guests at the home of the nobility of Java and China, but other groups also become addicted, although most of the opium consumed low quality.
They are nomads musicians, artists, theater people, itinerant merchants and artisans workers in plantations who use opium to enjoy the sensation of imaginary, knitting dreams and reduce stiffness in the body.
But in Banten and Pasundan land, the number of addicts is not great. Cultural, moral and powerful Islamic religion in society has been a fortress enclosing opium in the region.
Had an official ban on opium trade in the region and Banten close the opium trade in the early 19th century, though the black market opium can be found.
James R.Rush also wrote and smuggled opium Priangan at that time and when later the Dutch managed to open trade in the region, the number of users is much smaller when compared to Surakarta, Yogyakarta, Kediri, Madiun, Rembang, Kedu, Pasuruan, Probolinggo even Besuki residency in the former far east.
An English physician, Thomas Syndenham in 1680 once wrote, "Among all the drugs available to man above God willing, nothing semanjur and seuniversal opium to alleviate the suffering."
Clinically, morphine, until now the most superior drug for pain relief and is used as an official treatment, even though the abuse is also widespread throughout the world.
Characters opium analgesics to relieve pain no doubt cause it favored the Javanese especially considering health care facilities are inadequate, unhealthy living environment so that many diseases spread among the population, such as diarrhea, malaria, typhoid, measles, fever.
In a survey among users in 1890, many said they initially tried opium to alleviate the suffering of headaches, dysentery, asthma, common fever to malaria, tuberculosis (coughing up blood), eliminates the fatigue-lethargic even cure venereal disease.
Among the artists who have to stay up for the job, for example sinden and puppeteers, dancers, theater performers, opium is believed to make them stronger awake and stay in shape.
Had there is a presumption that the opiate can increase vitality, sexual desire and euphoria, to the extent that the poem is written in Java Suluk Gatoloco priyaji brainchild of Java controls and mystical traditions.
Tersebutlah character in the poem, Gatoloco, intangible male who fortify themselves by swallowing opium poppy and feel the power of the intoxicating it spreads throughout the body and makes all his strength back.
Increasingly widespread use of opium, the negative impact is also seen quite inclusive of the use of money large enough to shopping opium, even in the working class laborers.
However, the views of the Javanese against opium not uniform. At that time there was already a group of anti addicts struggling to combat it and taboo opium by putting a ban on "molimo" ie moral teachings that forbid men do five activities that start with M, ie Maling (stealing), Madon (main female), Drinking (alcohol), Main (gambling) and opium (smoked opium).
Surakarta ruler, King Pakubowono IV who ruled in 1788-1820 to write the correct moral teaching in a long poem Wulang Reh (teachings behave correctly).
He described the compactor as lazy and apathetic people, who just likes to sleep on the bench for smoking opium.
"Jauihi poppy: opium is not good for you all, sucking opium was not good," he wrote.
Poet Ronggowarsito assess warning Pakubowono IV of opium can be read as a commentary on the decline of moral values palace / kingdoms in Java that help accelerate political divisions and enslavement committed against the kingdom of the Netherlands.
Warning for high circles in the kingdom of the dangers of opium have been expressed regularly in literary documents. Pakubowono II instead called for a ban on opium for all his descendants.
On the Dutch side also growing ethical movement since 1880, undertaken to increase the prosperity of citizens (including indigenous). Pieter Brooshooft such as issuing Memorie calling for tax cuts on indigenous people, and projects that can advance the agricultural community.
In 1899 C.Th Deventer persuade the Dutch government to pay a debt of honor as compensation for neglect of residents in the colonies, followed by an official statement of Queen Wilhelmina in 1901 that expressed regret for the loss of well-being of the population of Java.
The years of this ethical marked by the expansion of educational opportunities for residents, and other welfare improvement efforts including regulations concerning circulation of opium.
Netherlands established a special body that is named Regi to right wrongs in the past. Since then all the affairs of opium concentrated in the capital, as well as opium factories that had spread in the area and controlled by the city producing under a wide variation of both the quality and taste, now centered in Batavia in the form of a uniform production.
Bureaucracy in the manufacture and circulation began to be applied also to anticipate its misuse, and many learned men joined the regi up at the local level.
If Opium To Java (Cornell University Press, 1990, translated Matabangsa, 2000) peeling dark days legality circulation of opium more than three centuries ago, is Alberthien Endah, a journalist today, wrote a book called "Do not Give Me the Drugs" (Gramedia Pustaka Utama , 2004) a work of fiction to remind the present generation about the threat of drugs.
In his preface Alberthien Endah presented the book it for all (young people) who mempu declared "Drugs No Way". Because drugs will not give you anything or make you become a nobody, not even going to make you see why in the world that gives so many opportunities, he wrote.
The book is the story of the actual social classics in fiction, well-established families who have lost the meaning of life as a family and children are falling prey to drugs (the rebound) and indicate a failure of the parents and the institution of drug eradication in resolving drug issues.
War (against) opium still rolling and seriousness needed to practice it in earnest.
afeem, papaver somniferum seeds, poppy plant, opiums, what is outpatient drug-free treatment?, poppy seed, coca plant, opiate
The term for opium that has been cooked and ready to suck is opium. The term is widely used among users not only as the word noun but also a verb.
Production [edit | edit source]
Fruit opium were wounded with a knife tapping will emit thick white sap. Once dried and turned brown in color, the sap is collected and sold as raw opium.
This raw opium can be processed simply to be prepared opium consumption. If the sap is extracted again, will produce morphine. Morphine is extracted further will produce heroin.
Plant opium originating from mountainous region of Southeast Europe now has spread to Afghanistan and the "golden triangle" borders of Myanmar, Thailand and Laos.
According to the United Nations, Afghanistan is currently the largest opium producer in the world with 87%. Laos is also one of the largest producers.
In Indonesia, the poppies that does not produce narcotics grown in mountainous areas such as Cipanas, Bandungan, Stone, and Ijen.
The history of opium and opium in Java [Edit | edit source]
Opium and opium in Java around 1888
Opium has been known by the Java since centuries ago, at least in the 17th century when the Dutch colonial government made the opium trade commodities important to be monopolized as well as being subject to tax.
One of 20 Javanese smoking opium, opium expert wrote Henri Louis Charles Te Mechelen in 1882, as noted in the book Opium To Java by James R.Rush. The habit of smoking opium is not just happening in the land of Java, but also in a number of areas European colonies in Asia, wrote TeMechelen who was then the Chief Inspector and Assistant Resident Regi Opium Yuwana in Central Java today.
Opium or poppy (Papaver somniferum) is not grown in Java, but imported from other regions, allegedly of Turkish and Persian. In the book written Opium To Java James R.Rush the Arab merchant mentioned opium brought in to the region, although not found other evidence that indicates since when opium began trading in Java.
Opium is an important commodity that was originally contested jointly by Britain, Denmark and the Netherlands, but then won the Dutch trade monopoly, while executing is the Chinese elite in Java.
The Netherlands through the Dutch East Indies Company (Vereenigde Ost Indische Companie / VOC) in 1677 to get an agreement with the king of Java when it Amangkurat II to enter opium to Mataram and monopolizing the opium trade in the whole country. A similar agreement in Cirebon followed a year later. Since 1619-1799 VOC can put 56,000 kg of raw opium annually to Java. And in 1820 there were 372 licensees to sell opium.
Connoisseurs of opium scattered in various circles and extends in Java, especially Central Java and East Java. At the top, opium consumption as a lifestyle, presented as a sign of honor for the guests at the home of the nobility of Java and China, but other groups also become addicted, although most of the opium consumed low quality.
They are nomads musicians, artists, theater people, itinerant merchants and artisans workers in plantations who use opium to enjoy the sensation of imaginary, knitting dreams and reduce stiffness in the body.
But in Banten and Pasundan land, the number of addicts is not great. Cultural, moral and powerful Islamic religion in society has been a fortress enclosing opium in the region.
Had an official ban on opium trade in the region and Banten close the opium trade in the early 19th century, though the black market opium can be found.
James R.Rush also wrote and smuggled opium Priangan at that time and when later the Dutch managed to open trade in the region, the number of users is much smaller when compared to Surakarta, Yogyakarta, Kediri, Madiun, Rembang, Kedu, Pasuruan, Probolinggo even Besuki residency in the former far east.
An English physician, Thomas Syndenham in 1680 once wrote, "Among all the drugs available to man above God willing, nothing semanjur and seuniversal opium to alleviate the suffering."
Clinically, morphine, until now the most superior drug for pain relief and is used as an official treatment, even though the abuse is also widespread throughout the world.
Characters opium analgesics to relieve pain no doubt cause it favored the Javanese especially considering health care facilities are inadequate, unhealthy living environment so that many diseases spread among the population, such as diarrhea, malaria, typhoid, measles, fever.
In a survey among users in 1890, many said they initially tried opium to alleviate the suffering of headaches, dysentery, asthma, common fever to malaria, tuberculosis (coughing up blood), eliminates the fatigue-lethargic even cure venereal disease.
Among the artists who have to stay up for the job, for example sinden and puppeteers, dancers, theater performers, opium is believed to make them stronger awake and stay in shape.
Had there is a presumption that the opiate can increase vitality, sexual desire and euphoria, to the extent that the poem is written in Java Suluk Gatoloco priyaji brainchild of Java controls and mystical traditions.
Tersebutlah character in the poem, Gatoloco, intangible male who fortify themselves by swallowing opium poppy and feel the power of the intoxicating it spreads throughout the body and makes all his strength back.
Increasingly widespread use of opium, the negative impact is also seen quite inclusive of the use of money large enough to shopping opium, even in the working class laborers.
However, the views of the Javanese against opium not uniform. At that time there was already a group of anti addicts struggling to combat it and taboo opium by putting a ban on "molimo" ie moral teachings that forbid men do five activities that start with M, ie Maling (stealing), Madon (main female), Drinking (alcohol), Main (gambling) and opium (smoked opium).
Surakarta ruler, King Pakubowono IV who ruled in 1788-1820 to write the correct moral teaching in a long poem Wulang Reh (teachings behave correctly).
He described the compactor as lazy and apathetic people, who just likes to sleep on the bench for smoking opium.
"Jauihi poppy: opium is not good for you all, sucking opium was not good," he wrote.
Poet Ronggowarsito assess warning Pakubowono IV of opium can be read as a commentary on the decline of moral values palace / kingdoms in Java that help accelerate political divisions and enslavement committed against the kingdom of the Netherlands.
Warning for high circles in the kingdom of the dangers of opium have been expressed regularly in literary documents. Pakubowono II instead called for a ban on opium for all his descendants.
On the Dutch side also growing ethical movement since 1880, undertaken to increase the prosperity of citizens (including indigenous). Pieter Brooshooft such as issuing Memorie calling for tax cuts on indigenous people, and projects that can advance the agricultural community.
In 1899 C.Th Deventer persuade the Dutch government to pay a debt of honor as compensation for neglect of residents in the colonies, followed by an official statement of Queen Wilhelmina in 1901 that expressed regret for the loss of well-being of the population of Java.
The years of this ethical marked by the expansion of educational opportunities for residents, and other welfare improvement efforts including regulations concerning circulation of opium.
Netherlands established a special body that is named Regi to right wrongs in the past. Since then all the affairs of opium concentrated in the capital, as well as opium factories that had spread in the area and controlled by the city producing under a wide variation of both the quality and taste, now centered in Batavia in the form of a uniform production.
Bureaucracy in the manufacture and circulation began to be applied also to anticipate its misuse, and many learned men joined the regi up at the local level.
If Opium To Java (Cornell University Press, 1990, translated Matabangsa, 2000) peeling dark days legality circulation of opium more than three centuries ago, is Alberthien Endah, a journalist today, wrote a book called "Do not Give Me the Drugs" (Gramedia Pustaka Utama , 2004) a work of fiction to remind the present generation about the threat of drugs.
In his preface Alberthien Endah presented the book it for all (young people) who mempu declared "Drugs No Way". Because drugs will not give you anything or make you become a nobody, not even going to make you see why in the world that gives so many opportunities, he wrote.
The book is the story of the actual social classics in fiction, well-established families who have lost the meaning of life as a family and children are falling prey to drugs (the rebound) and indicate a failure of the parents and the institution of drug eradication in resolving drug issues.
War (against) opium still rolling and seriousness needed to practice it in earnest.
afeem, papaver somniferum seeds, poppy plant, opiums, what is outpatient drug-free treatment?, poppy seed, coca plant, opiate
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