Alkaloid morphine
Alkaloid morphine analgesic is very strong and is the main active agent found in opium. Morphine acts directly on the central nervous system to relieve pain. Morphine side effects include loss of consciousness, euphoria, drowsiness, lethargy, and blurred vision. Morfina also reduce hunger, stimulate coughing, and led to constipation. Morfina cause dependence than other substances. Morphine-dependent patients also reported to suffer from insomnia and nightmares.
The word "morphine" is derived from MORFEUS, god of dreams in Greek mythology.
Morphine (INN) (pronounced / n mɔrfi ː /) (MS Contin, MSIR, Avinza, Kadian, Oramorph, Roxanol, Kapanol) is a potential opiate analgesic drug and is considered the prototypical opioid. It was discovered in 1804 by Friedrich Sertürner, first distributed by Friedrich Sertürner in 1817, and the first commercially sold by Merck in 1827, which at that time was a small chemical shop. It is more widely used after the invention of the syringe in 1857. It takes its name from the Greek God dreams Morpheus (Greek: Μορφέας).
Morphine is most contain alkaloid found in opium, the dried sap (latex), which comes from the sap of slices of raw opium seeds, or called, poppy, Papaver somniferum. Morphine is the first purification from plant sources and is one of at least containing 50 kinds of alkaloids of some kind in opium, Concentrate of Poppy Straw, and other opium derivatives.
Morphine is generally 8 to 17 percent of the dry weight of opium, although specially bred cultivars reach 26 percent or produce little morphine, below 1 percent, perhaps down to 0.04 percent. Last varieties, including 'Przemko' and Norman 'cultivar' of opium poppy, used to produce two other alkaloid, thebaine and oripavine, which is used in the manufacture of synthetic and semi-synthetic opioids such as oxycodone and etorphine and some types of drugs.
(P. bracteatum) does not contain morphine or codeine, or any other type of narcotic phenanthrene, alkaloids. This species is a source of thebaine. Occurrence of morphine in another papaverales and Papaveraceae, as well as in some types of hops and mulberry tree has not been confirmed. Morphine is produced most predominant in the life cycle of plants. Past the optimum point for the extraction, various processes in the plant produce codeine, thebaine, and in some cases negligible amounts of hydromorphone, dihydromorphine, dihydrocodeine, tetrahydrothebaine, and hydrocodone (these compounds are rather synthesized from thebaine and oripavine). The human body produces endorphines, the neuropeptides, with the same effect.
In clinical medicine, morphine is considered the gold standard, or benchmark, of analgesics used to relieve severe pain or pain and suffering. As with other opioids, such as oxycodone (OxyContin, Percocet, Percodan), hydromorphone (Dilaudid, Palladone), and diacetylmorphine (heroin), morphine directly affects the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain. Morphine has a high potential for addiction, tolerance and psychological dependence develop quickly, though Physiological dependence may take several months to develop.
The word "morphine" is derived from MORFEUS, god of dreams in Greek mythology.
Morphine (INN) (pronounced / n mɔrfi ː /) (MS Contin, MSIR, Avinza, Kadian, Oramorph, Roxanol, Kapanol) is a potential opiate analgesic drug and is considered the prototypical opioid. It was discovered in 1804 by Friedrich Sertürner, first distributed by Friedrich Sertürner in 1817, and the first commercially sold by Merck in 1827, which at that time was a small chemical shop. It is more widely used after the invention of the syringe in 1857. It takes its name from the Greek God dreams Morpheus (Greek: Μορφέας).
Morphine is most contain alkaloid found in opium, the dried sap (latex), which comes from the sap of slices of raw opium seeds, or called, poppy, Papaver somniferum. Morphine is the first purification from plant sources and is one of at least containing 50 kinds of alkaloids of some kind in opium, Concentrate of Poppy Straw, and other opium derivatives.
Morphine is generally 8 to 17 percent of the dry weight of opium, although specially bred cultivars reach 26 percent or produce little morphine, below 1 percent, perhaps down to 0.04 percent. Last varieties, including 'Przemko' and Norman 'cultivar' of opium poppy, used to produce two other alkaloid, thebaine and oripavine, which is used in the manufacture of synthetic and semi-synthetic opioids such as oxycodone and etorphine and some types of drugs.
(P. bracteatum) does not contain morphine or codeine, or any other type of narcotic phenanthrene, alkaloids. This species is a source of thebaine. Occurrence of morphine in another papaverales and Papaveraceae, as well as in some types of hops and mulberry tree has not been confirmed. Morphine is produced most predominant in the life cycle of plants. Past the optimum point for the extraction, various processes in the plant produce codeine, thebaine, and in some cases negligible amounts of hydromorphone, dihydromorphine, dihydrocodeine, tetrahydrothebaine, and hydrocodone (these compounds are rather synthesized from thebaine and oripavine). The human body produces endorphines, the neuropeptides, with the same effect.
In clinical medicine, morphine is considered the gold standard, or benchmark, of analgesics used to relieve severe pain or pain and suffering. As with other opioids, such as oxycodone (OxyContin, Percocet, Percodan), hydromorphone (Dilaudid, Palladone), and diacetylmorphine (heroin), morphine directly affects the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain. Morphine has a high potential for addiction, tolerance and psychological dependence develop quickly, though Physiological dependence may take several months to develop.
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